FYI, if you come across wide-band digital signals in the old broadcast TV spectrum then it's probably from a sensor network using TVWS -- or TV white space. These are being used by farmers as an example of a real-world application. There are radio-modems that operate from 400Mhz to 1 Ghz and have 3 different speeds depending on the bandwidth. Apparently they're effective up to 15km with directional antennas and do not have to be LOS since they're working at much lower frequencies.
Read more about the technology here:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/researc ... riculture/